How any antibiotic stops growth of bacteria or how it kills bacteria is called mechanism of action of antibiotic.
Penicillin and cephalosporin
These are beta lactum antibiotic because these contains beta lactum ring. Beta lactum ring inhibits peptidoglycane synthesis. Peptidoglycane is essential component of bacterial cell wall. Hence, by inhibiting peptidoglycane synthesis these antibiotic stops cell wall synthesis. Therefore kills bacteria.
Quinolone and salphonamides
Inhibits protein synthesis and stop bacterial growth
Quinolone inhibits DNA gyrase enzyme act against bacteria.
Macrolides, tetracycline， aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides： By binding with 30S ribosomal subunit inhibits protein synthesis.
Tetracycline： By binding with 30S ribosomal subunit inhibits protein synthesis and stop bacterial growth.
Macrolides： By binding with 50S ribosomal subunit inhibits protein synthesis and stops bacterial growth.
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